Volume 15, Issue 1 (2026)                   WJPS 2026, 15(1): 57-61 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


1- 1. Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery, St Fatima Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , dr.kamran.asadi@gmail.com
2- 2. Department of Surgery, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Abstract:   (423 Views)
Background: Neck tissue expansion is a widely accepted method for facial scar reconstruction due to its optimal color and texture match
Methods: This retrospective study evaluated outcomes in 42 patients who underwent hemifacial scar reconstruction using tissue expanded transposition flaps from the ipsilateral neck.
Results: Patient records were reviewed for demographic data, surgical variables, and complications. The majority (95.2%) had burn-induced scars; a single expander was used in 92.9% of cases, while three patients required two expanders. The mean expansion duration was 115.86 days. Major complications occurred in 9.5% of patients, and minor complications in 14.3%; extrusion and infection were most common
Conclusion: Transfer of expanded neck skin as transposition flap, is demonstrated to be a reliable reconstructive technique for complete resurfacing of hemifacial scars with minimal contour deformities and optimal final scar.
 
Full-Text [PDF 427 kb]   (123 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: Special
ePublished: 2025/11/7

References
1. Forjuoh SN. Burns in low-and middle-income countries: a review of available literature on descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention. Burns 2006;32(5):529-37. [DOI:10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.002]
2. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. The lancet 2006;367(9524):1747-57. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68770-9]
3. Ahuja RB, Bhattacharya S. Burns in the developing world and burn disasters. BMJ 2004;329(7463):447-9. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.329.7463.447]
4. Rose EH. Aesthetic Restoration of the Severely Disfigured Face in Burn Victims: A Comprehensive Strategy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;96(7):1573-85. [DOI:10.1097/00006534-199512000-00010]
5. Bui DT, Cordeiro PG, Hu Q-Y, Disa JJ, Pusic A, Mehrara BJ. Free flap reexploration: indications, treatment, and outcomes in 1193 free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119(7):2092-100. [DOI:10.1097/01.prs.0000260598.24376.e1]
6. Sniezek JC, Sabri A, Burkey BB, Barille DJ. Reconstruction after burns of the face and neck. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;8(4):277-81. [DOI:10.1097/00020840-200008000-00001]
7. Alster TS. Laser treatment of hypertrophic scars, keloids, and striae. Dermatol Clin 1997;15(3):419-29. [DOI:10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70451-4]
8. Kawashima T, Yamada A, Ueda K, Asato H, Harii K. Tissue expansion in facial reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994;94(7):944-50. [DOI:10.1097/00006534-199412000-00007]
9. Radovan C. Tissue expansion in soft-tissue reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1984;74(4):482-92. [DOI:10.1097/00006534-198410000-00005]
10. Cunha MS, Nakamoto HA, Herson MR, Faes JC, Gemperli R, Ferreira MC. Tissue expander complications in plastic surgery: a 10-year experience. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2002;57(3):93-7. [DOI:10.1590/S0041-87812002000300002]
11. Bauer BS, Vicari FA, Richard ME. The role of tissue expansion in pediatric plastic surgery. Clin Plast Surg 1990;17(1):101-12. [DOI:10.1016/S0094-1298(20)31273-6]
12. Argenta LC, Marks MW, Pasyk KA. Advances in tissue expansion. Clin Plast Surg 1985;12(2):159. [DOI:10.1016/S0094-1298(20)31687-4]
13. Tavares Filho JM, Belerique M, Franco D, Porchat CA, Franco T. Tissue expansion in burn sequelae repair. Burns 2007;33(2):246-51. [DOI:10.1016/j.burns.2006.07.016]
14. Chun JT, Rohrich RJ. Versatility of tissue expansion in head and neck burn reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 1998;41(1):11-6. [DOI:10.1097/00000637-199807000-00003]
15. Gürlek A,Alaybeyoğlu N, Demir CY, Aydoğan H, Bilen BT, Æztürk A. Aesthetic reconstruction of large scalp defects by sequential tissue expansion without interval. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2004;28(4):245-50. [DOI:10.1007/s00266-004-4008-3]
16. Hafezi F, Naghibzadeh B, Pegahmehr M, Nouhi A. Use of overinflated tissue expanders in the surgical repair of head and neck scars. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2009;62(11):e413-20. [DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.03.044]
17. Motamed S, Niazi F, Atarian S, Motamed A. Post-burn head and neck reconstruction using tissue expanders. Burns 2008;34(6):878-84. [DOI:10.1016/j.burns.2007.11.018]
18. Gao JH, Ogawa R, Hyakusoku H, Lu F, Hu ZQ, Jiang P, et al. Reconstruction of the face and neck scar contractures using staged transfer of expanded "Super-thin flaps". Burns 2007;33(6):760-3. [DOI:10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.386]
19. Bozkurt A, Groger A, O'Dey D, Vogeler F, Piatkowski A, Fuchs P, et al. Retrospective analysis of tissue expansion in reconstructive burn surgery: evaluation of complication rates. Burns 2008;34(8):1113-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.burns.2008.05.008]
20. Gao B, Xiao K, Zhu H, et al. An algorithm for using expanded cervical flaps to resurface facial defects based on five different methods. Burns 2016 Dec;42(8):1867-1874 [DOI:10.1016/j.burns.2016.06.006]
21. Bruce S Bauer 1, Alexander Margulis .The expanded transposition flap: shifting paradigms based on experience gained from two decades of pediatric tissue expansion Plast Reconstr Surg 2004 Jul;114(1):98-106. [DOI:10.1097/01.PRS.0000127802.92515.F3]
22. Robert J Spence Expanded Transposition Flap Technique for Total and Subtotal Resurfacing of the Face and Neck. J Burns Wounds 2007; 30;e8.
23. Ashab Yamin MR, Mozafari N, Mozafari M, Razi Z. Reconstructive Surgery of Extensive Face and Neck Burn Scars Using Tissue Expanders World J Plast Surg 2015 Jan;4(1):40-49.
24. 24. Jayson L. Azzi, Chloe Thabet, Alain J. Azzi, Mirko S. Gilardino. Complications of tissue expansion in the head and neck. Head Neck 2020 Apr; 42 (4):747-762. [DOI:10.1002/hed.26017]
25. 25. Colten P. Wolf, Amy L. Pittman. Tissue expanders of the head and neck: A case series and discussion of lessons learned. Otolaryngology Case Reports 2024 June;31 100607. [DOI:10.1016/j.xocr.2024.100607]

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.