en تخصصي Special مقالات اصيل Original Article <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Understanding the anatomical relationship between the pneumatized middle turbinate (PMT) and ethmoid roof structures is crucial for minimizing complications in endoscopic sinus surgery. We aimed to evaluate the association between PMT and the dimensions of the anterior ethmoid roof using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 CBCT scans obtained at a maxillofacial radiology center. All images were acquired using a NewTom VGi scanner (QRsrl, Verona, Italy) with a 15 &times; 15 cm field of view and 1-mm slice thickness. Measurements were taken from coronal sections displaying the infraorbital nerve canal. Key anatomical points, including the medial and lateral ethmoid roof points (MERP and LERP) and the cribriform plate (CP), were identified. The width and height of these structures were measured. PMT was classified as lamellar, bulbous, or extensive. Statistical analyses included chi-square, t-test, and Pearson correlation tests.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> A significant relationship was found between the axial dimensions of PMT and the anterior ethmoid roof width (AER) in both genders (<i>P</i><0.05). Differences in ethmoid roof dimensions were statistically significant between PMT types. In males, vertical PMT dimensions were correlated with CP and AER height. AER width was greater in males than females, particularly in cases with PMT.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> A close anatomical relationship exists between PMT and ethmoid roof dimensions, especially AER width. Recognition of these variations is essential for surgical planning and avoiding complications in sinus and skull base surgery.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Anterior ethmoid roof, Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Pneumatized Middle turbinate 37 47 http://wjps.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1110-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Arezoo Mirshekari 100319475328460017805 100319475328460017805 Yes Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Medical Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Abdolaziz Haghnegahdar 100319475328460017806 100319475328460017806 No Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Medical Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Seyed Ghasem Mirbaba 100319475328460017807 100319475328460017807 No Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medical Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran sarina Hassanpour Dargah 100319475328460017808 100319475328460017808 No Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medical Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran