@article{ author = {Ghobadi, Farnaz and Mehrabani, Davood and Mehrabani, Golnoush}, title = {Regenerative Potential of Endometrial Stem Cells: A Mini Review}, abstract ={Recent findings in stem cell biology have opened a new window in regenerative medicine. The endometrium possesses mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) called endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) having specific regenerative properties linked to adult stem cells. They contribute in tissue remodeling and engineering and were shown to have immuno-modulating effects. Many clinical trials were undertaken to ascertain the therapeutic potential of EnSCS. In this mini review, we showed that EnSCs are readily available sources of adult stem cells in the uterus that can be highlighted for their renewable multipotent and differentiation properties. This cell population may be a practical solution of choice in reproductive biology, regenerative medicine and autologous stem cell therapy.}, Keywords = {Endometrial stem cells, Regenerative medicine, Aesthetic medicine}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-8}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-120-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-120-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Saaiq, Muhammad and Ahmad, Shehzad and SalmanZaib, Muhamm}, title = {Burn Wound Infections and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan}, abstract ={BACKGROND Burn wound infections carry considerable mortality and morbidity amongst burn injury victims who have been successfully rescued through the initial resuscitation. This study assessed the prevalent microrganisms causing burn wound infections among hospitalized patients their susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics and the frequency of infections with respect to the duration of the burn wounds. METHODS This study was carried out at Burn Care Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan over a period of two years (i.e. from June 2010 to May 2012). The study included all wound-culture-positive patients of either gender and all ages, who had sustained deep burns and underwent definitive management with wound excisions and skin auto-grafting. Patients with negative cultures of the wounds were excluded. Tissue specimens for culture and sensitivity were collected from burn wounds using standard collection techniques and analyzed at microbiological laboratory. RESULTS Out of a total of 95 positive microbial growths, 36 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.29%) as the most frequent isolate found, followed by 21 Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.58%), 19 Staphylococcus aureaus (18.62%), 10 Proteus (9.80%), 7 E. coli (6.86%), 7 Acinetobacter (6.86%), and 4 Candida (3.92%). A variable antibiotic susceptibility pattern was observed among the grown microbes. Positive cultures were significantly more frequent among patients with over two weeks duration of burn wounds. CONCLUSION P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus constituted the most common bacterial microbes of burn wounds in our in-patients cases. Positive cultures were more frequent among patients with over two weeks duration of burn wounds. Early excision and skin grafting of deep burns and adherence to infection control measures can help to effectively reduce the burden of these infections.}, Keywords = {Burn, Infection, Antibiotic sensitivity, Pakistan }, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-127-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-127-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Tanideh, Nader and Haddadi, Mohammad Hossein and Rokni-Hosseini, Mohammad Hossein and Hossienzadeh, Masood and Mehrabani, Davood and Sayehmiri, Kourosh and Koohi-Hossienabadi, Omi}, title = {The Healing Effect of Scrophularia Striata on Experimental Burn Wounds Infected to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Rat}, abstract ={BACKGROUND The cause of death in burn patients after 48 hours of hospitalization has been reported to be bacterial infections. Recently, due to the compounds accelerating the healing process and the intense reduction of treatment side effects, medicinal plants are used to cure burn wound infections. This study aims to investigate the medicinal effect of the ethanolic extract of Scrophularia striata on burn wound infection in in-vivo and in-vitro in comparison with silver sulfadiazine (SSD). METHODS One hundred and fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 equal groups. A hot plate of 1×1cm was used to create second degree burn wounds. The ethanolic extract of S. striata was provided through percolation method. Group 1 was treated with SSD, group 2 with S. striata, and group 3 was considered as control group. All animals were infected to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On days 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 after burn wound injury, the animals were euthanized and were evaluated histologically. The MIC and MBC were determined using the micro dilution method. RESULTS The rate of wound healing was significantly greater in S. striata group in comparison to SSD and control groups. CONCLUSION S. striata contains was shown to have anti-bacterial and wound healing effects while this effect was significantly more than SSD denoting to its use when needed for burn wounds infected to P. aeruginosa.}, Keywords = {Scrophularia striata, Wound, Healing, Silver sulfadiazine, Pseudomonas aeruginosa}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {16-22}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-128-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-128-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Akbari, Hosein and Fatemi, Mohammad Javad and Iranpour, Maryam and Khodarahmi, Ali and Baghaee, Mehrdad and Pedram, Mir Sepehr and Saleh, Sahar and Araghi, Shiri}, title = {The Healing Effect of Nettle Extract on Second Degree Burn Wounds}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Numerous studies were carried out to develop more sophisticated dressings to expedite healing processes and diminish the bacterial burden in burn wounds. This study assessed the healing effect of nettle extract on second degree burns wound in rats in comparison with silver sulfadiazine and vaseline. METHODS Forty rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups. A deep second-degree burn was created on the back of each rat using a standard burning procedure. The burns were dressed daily with nettle extract in group 1, silver sulfadiazine in group 2, vaseline in group 3 and without any medication in group 4 as control group. The response to treatment was assessed by digital photography during the treatment until day 42. Histological scoring was undertaken for scar tissue samples on days 10 and 42. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed in group 1 compared with other groups regarding 4 scoring parameters after 10 days. A statistically significant difference was seen for fibrosis parameter after 42 days. In terms of difference of wound surface area, maximal healing was noticed at the same time in nettle group and minimal repair in the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings showed maximal rate of healing in the nettle group. So it may be a suitable substitute for silver sulfadiazine and vaseline when available.}, Keywords = {Healing, Nettle, Burn, Wound, Silver sulfadiazine, Vaseline, Rat}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-28}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-123-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-123-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mehrabani, Davood and Farjam, Mojtaba and Geramizadeh, Bita and Tanideh, Nader and Amini, Masood and Panjehshahin, Mohammad Rez}, title = {The Healing Effect of Curcumin on Burn Wounds in Rat}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Burns are still considered one of the most devastating conditions in emergency medicine affecting both genders and all age groups in developed and developing countries, resulting into physical and psychological scars and cause chronic disabilities. This study was performed to determine the healing effect of curcumin on burn wounds in rat. METHODS Seventy female Sprague-Dawley 180-220 g rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. Groups of A-C received 0.1, 0.5 and 2% curcumin respectively and Group D, silver sulfadiazine ointment. Group E was considered as control group and received eucerin. After 7, 14 and 21 days of therapy, the animals were sacrificed and burn areas were macroscopically examined and histologically were scored. RESULTS Administration of curcumin resulted into a decrease in size of the burn wounds and a reduction in inflammation after 14th days. Reepithelialization was prominent in groups A-C while more distinguishable in group C. In group C, epidermis exhibited well structured layers without any crusting. There were spindle shaped fibroblasts in fascicular pattern, oriented parallel to the epithelial surface with eosinophilic collagen matrix. CONCLUSION Curcumin as an available and inexpensive herbal was shown be a suitable substitute in healing of burn wounds especially when 2% concentration was applied.}, Keywords = {Burn, Curcumin, Wound, Healing, Rat}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-35}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-130-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-130-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {MohaddesArdabili, Fatemeh and Purhajari, Soybeh and NajafiGhzeljeh, Tahereh and Haghani, Hami}, title = {The Effect of Shiatsu Massage on Underlying Anxiety in Burn Patients}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Burn patients experience high levels of predictable anxiety during dressing changes while anti-anxiety drugs cannot control these anxieties. The nurses can limit the side effects of medications by undertaking complementary therapies. Hand pressure massage was introduced as a technique that can reduce these anxieties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hand pressure massage using Shiatsu method on underlying anxiety in burn patients. METHODS In an available randomized study, 60 burn patients with underlying pain were enrolled. They were randomly allocated in two groups of hand massage and the control. The anxiety of underlying burn pain before and after the massage was evaluated using Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS). RESULTS The difference for anxiety scores in the hand Shiatsu massage group before and after massage were statistically significant, but in the control group was not significant. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, 20 minutes of hand Shiatsu massage in conjunction with analgesic medications can be beneficial to control the anxiety of burn patients.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Burn, Shiatsu massage, Pain}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {36-39}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-122-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-122-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AshabYamin, Mohammad Reza and Mozafari, Naser and Mozafari, Mohadase and Razi, Zahr}, title = {Reconstructive Surgery of Extensive Face and Neck Burn Scars Using Tissue Expanders}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Neck reconstruction is considered as one of the most important surgeries in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. The present study aimed to assess the results of reconstructive surgery of extensive face and neck burning scars using tissue expanders. METHODS This descriptive prospective study was conducted on 36 patients with extensive burning scars on the neck and face. Operation for tissue expander insertion was performed and tissue distension started two or three weeks later, depending on the patients’ incisions. After sufficient time for tissue expansion, while removing the expander and excision of the lesion, the expanded flap was used to cover the lesion. Overall, 43 cosmetic surgeries were done. RESULTS Rectangular expanders were employed in most patients (73.81%) and were located in the neck in most of them (60.78%). Complications were detected in five patients (13.89%), with exposure of the prosthesis being the most common one. Scar tissues at the reconstruction site and the flap donor site were acceptable in 94.44% and 98.18% of the cases, respectively. Overall, most of the patients (77.78%) were satisfied with the operation results. CONCLUSION Using tissue expanders in tissue reconstruction of extensive neck and facial burning scars results in highly desirable outcomes.}, Keywords = {Reconstruction, Burn, Scar, Tissue expander}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {40-49}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-132-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Waiker, Veena P and Shivalingappa, Shanthakumar}, title = {Comparison between Conventional Mechanical Fixation and Use of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in Wound Beds Prior to Resurfacing with Split Thickness Skin Graft}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Platelet rich plasma is known for its hemostatic, adhesive and healing properties in view of the multiple growth factors released from the platelets to the site of wound. The primary objective of this study was to use autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) in wound beds for anchorage of skin grafts instead of conventional methods like sutures, staplers or glue. METHODS In a single center based randomized controlled prospective study of nine months duration, 200 patients with wounds were divided into two equal groups. Autologous PRP was applied on wound beds in PRP group and conventional methods like staples/sutures used to anchor the skin grafts in a control group. RESULTS Instant graft adherence to wound bed was statistically significant in the PRP group. Time of first post-graft inspection was delayed, and hematoma, graft edema, discharge from graft site, frequency of dressings and duration of stay in plastic surgery unit were significantly less in the PRP group. CONCLUSION Autologous PRP ensured instant skin graft adherence to wound bed in comparison to conventional methods of anchorage. Hence, we recommend the use of autologous PRP routinely on wounds prior to resurfacing to ensure the benefits of early healing.}, Keywords = {Platelet rich plasma, Hemostasis, Skin graft, Edema}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {50-59}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-124-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-124-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Zarei, Yadollah and Hadavi, Mohamad Reza and Tarogh, Shojaolhagh}, title = {Comparison of Effects of Labetalol and Nitroglycerine on Intraoperative Blood Loss and Surgical Field Quality in Rhinoplasty Surgery}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Rhinoplasty is one of the most common surgeries of the plastic surgery and as well as ear, throat and nose. Intra-operative bleeding during surgery is one of the most important factors that may impair the surgeon’s job. Providing a clean blood-free surgical filed makes the operation faster, easier and with a better quality. One way to achieve this goal is to induce hypotension. This study aimed to compare the impacts and outcomes of administration of labetalol or nitroglycerin for this purpose. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 60 ASA I and ASA II patients who were referred for rhinoplasty were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Labetalol was given to the first and nitroglycerin to the second group of patients. Blood pressure and the amount of intra-operative bleeding during surgery and surgeon satisfaction were measured. RESULTS The average age of patients was 25.9±7.52 years. The average amount of bleeding among all patients was 117.87±324.86 ml, and the average quality of the surgical site was 1.65±4.48, considering all patients. The average quality and average surgical site bleeding between the two groups was not significant. CONCLUSION There was a little difference between labetalol and nitroglycerine on the effect of intraoperative blood loss and surgical field quality in rhinoplasty surgery.}, Keywords = {Rhinoplasty, Labetalol, Nitroglycerin, Intraoperative bleeding}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {60-65}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-121-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Rajabi, Hamid and SheikhaniShahin, Homa and Norouzian, Manijeh and Mehrabani, Davood and DehghaniNazhvani, Seifollah}, title = {The Healing Effects of Aquatic Activities and Allogenic Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on Injuries of Achilles Tendon in Experimental Rat}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Clinical tendon injuries represent serious and unresolved issues of the case on how the injured tendons could be improved based on natural structure and mechanical strength. The aim of this studies the effect of aquatic activities and alogenic platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection in healing Achilles tendons of rats. METHODS Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. Seventy two hours after a crush lesion on Achilles tendon, group 1 underwent aquatic activity for 8 weeks (five sessions per week), group 2 received intra-articular PRP (1 ml), group 3 had aquatic activity together with injection PRP injection after an experimental tendon injury, group 4 did not receive any treatment after tendon injury and the control group with no tendon injuries. of 32 rats. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the tendons were transferred in 10% formalin for histological evaluation. RESULTS There was a significant increase in number of fibroblast and cellular density, and collagen deposition in group 3 comparing to other groups denoting to an effective healing in injured tendons. However, there was no significant difference among the studied groups based on their tendons diameter. CONCLUSION Based on our findings on the number of fibroblast, cellular density, collagen deposition, and tendon diameter, it was shown that aquatic activity together with PRP injection was the therapeutic measure of choice enhance healing in tendon injuries that can open a window in treatment of damages to tendons.}, Keywords = {Aquatic activities, Platelet Rich Plasma, Healing, Tendon, Rat}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {66-73}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-131-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Manafi, Ali and Barikbin, Behrooz and Manafi, Amir and Hamedi, Zahra Sadat}, title = {Nasal Alar Necrosis Following Hyaluronic Acid Injection into Nasolabial Folds: A Case Report}, abstract ={Injection of synthetic fillers for soft tissue augmentation is increasing over the last decade. One of the most common materials used is hyaluronic acid (HA) that is safe and temporary filler for soft tissue augmentation. We present a case of 54-year-old female who experienced vascular occlusion and nasal alar necrosis following HA injection to the nasolabial folds. She suffered from pain, necrosis, infection, and alar loss that finally required a reconstructive surgery for cosmetic appearance of the nose. The case highlights the importance of proper injection technique by an anesthesiologist, as well as the need for immediate recognition and treatment of vascular occlusion.}, Keywords = {Hyaluronic acid, Soft tissue, Injection, Alar necrosis}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {74-78}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-134-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-134-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Saaiq, Muhammad and Ashraf, Bushra and Siddiqui, Saad and Ahmad, Shehzad and SalmanZaib, Muhamm}, title = {Successful Propranolol Treatment of a Large Size Infantile Hemangioma of the Face Causing Recurrent Bleeding and Visual Field Disruption}, abstract ={A 29 days old Pakistani female infant was presented to our outpatient department with two weeks history of a rapidly progressing large size facial hemangioma involving most of the right cheek and right eyelids. The infant was unable to open the right eye. There was also a small hemangioma on the right second toe. Additionally, three similar lesions were found on the right side of the palate and adjoining buccogingival surfaces. The parents were particularly concerned about the explosive progression of the lesions, recurrent bleeding episodes from ulcerated areas of the cheek lesion and complete occlusion of the right eye. Following four weeks therapy with propranolol in a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, the hemangiomas rapidly regressed, the bleeding episodes ceased and the infant started opening the eye.}, Keywords = {Infantile hemangioma, Bleeding, Visual field, Propranolol}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-83}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-126-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Manafi, ALi and Hamedi, Zahra Sadat and Manafi, Amir and Rajabiani, Afsaneh and Rajaee, AHmadreza and Manafi, Farz}, title = {Injectable Cartilage Shaving: An Autologous and Long Lasting Filler Material for Correction of Minor Contour Deformities in Rhinoplasty}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Filler materials are gaining popularity in nonsurgical rhinoplasty the major advantages are the ability to camouflage the surface deformities, and also the soft and malleable consistency while the major drawback of the safe fillers such as hyaluronic acid is short durability. In this study, we evaluated the injectable cartilage shaving as an autologous filler material for correction of minor contour deformities in rhinoplasty. METHODS Injectable cartilage shaving was used for correction of surface irregularities in primary or secondary rhinoplasty, and long term results of 128 patients were evaluated. The source of cartilage was autologous septum, rib or less frequently, the ear concha. The material was injected with 14 to 18 gauge needles or blunted tip lipofilling cannulas with 1.3-1.7 mm internal diameters. It was performed whether during the septorhinoplasty or as a separate single procedure without elevation of the flap. Success was defined as the long term survival of the graft in the desired site and absence of recurrent deformity or complications such as extrusion, infection or displacement. RESULTS Twenty seven males and 101 females underwent the procedure from May 2008 to January 2014. Mean follow up period was 31 (13-58) months. Ninety five percent of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the results at the last follow up visits and touch up procedure was performed for the unsatisfied patients. CONCLUSION Injectable cartilage shaving is a reliable filler to correct and camouflage the surface irregularities, and it is durable and predictable in long term follow ups.}, Keywords = {Injectable, Cartilage, Shaving, Rhinoplasty}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {93-100}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-178-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Dietrich, Franciele and LançanovaDuré, Gustavo and PeresKlein, Caroline and FaccinBampi, Vinícius and VontobelPadoin, Alexandre and DuvaldaSilva, Vinícius and BragaSilva, Jefferso}, title = {Platelet-Rich Fibrin Promotes an Accelerated Healing of Achilles Tendon When Compared to Platelet-Rich Plasma in Rat}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Autologous platelet concentrate has been used to improve the function and regeneration of injured tissues. Tendinopathies are common in clinical practice, although long-term treatment is required. On the basis of lead time, we compared the effect of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in repairing rat Achilles tendon. METHODS The effectiveness of using PRP and PRF was evaluated after 14 and 28 postoperative days by histological analysis. The quantification of collagen types I and III was performed by Sirius red staining. Qualitatively, the data were verified with hematoxylin-eosin (H;E) staining. RESULTS In Sirius red staining, no significant treatment differences were found between groups. Statistical difference was observed only between PRP (37.2% collagen) and the control group (16.2%) 14 days after treatment. Intra-groups compared twice showed a difference for collagen I (27.8% and 47.7%) and III (66.9% and 46.0%) in the PRF group. The control group showed differences only in collagen I (14.2% and 40.9%) and no other finding was observed in the PRP group. In H;E staining, PRF showed a better cellular organization when compared to the other groups at 28 days. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that PRF promotes accelerated regeneration of the Achilles tendon in rats, offering promising prospects for future clinical use.}, Keywords = {Healing, Platelet-rich fibrin, Achilles tendon, Platelet-rich plasma}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {101-109}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-152-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Cil, Yakup and Kocman, Atacan Emre}, title = {A New Reduction Mastopexy Design for Young Women: Snowman Pattern}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Many young women are satisfied with their large breasts but suffer from sagging due to heaviness. In this article we present a novel modification of vertical scar breast reduction based on a special indication. METHODS From January 2006 to May 2012, twenty five individual patients underwent operation using modified technique with superior pedicle and vertical scar. Young women between ages 25-35 years with voluminous breasts who requested mastopexy rather than reduction were selected for the surgery. RESULTS The mean patient age was 30 years and body mass index (BMI) was 27.8±1.07 kg/m2. Mean nipple transposition was 6.5 cm. Mean weight for resected tissue was 415 g for left and 419 g for right breast. Mean operative time was 125 minutes. Patients were followed up for 9-22 months. No serious complications encountered in consecutive patient series. The only complication was permanent wrinkling probably due to vertical closure in 5 of 25 patients which did not resolve during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION We recommend that the Snowman design is a useful tool for superior pedicle breast reduction technique providing good projection and a short scar in selected patients.}, Keywords = {Breast reduction, Mastopexy, Snowman design}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {110-119}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Shaterian, Ashkaun and Masoomi, Hossein and Martin, Jenna and Paydar, Keyianoosh and Wirth, Garrett}, title = {National Trends in the Use of Inpatient Hospitalization for Combined Abdominoplasty and Breast Surgery}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Combined procedures involving elective breast surgery at the time of abdominoplasty are frequently performed procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery. While found to be safe outpatient procedures, many surgeons elect to perform combined abdominoplasty/breast surgery as inpatient surgery. This study was performed to explore the practice of performing the combined procedure as an inpatient in the United States. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was evaluated using ICD-9CM procedural codes to identify hospitalizations where patients underwent abdominoplasty combined with breast surgery. We trended the frequency of this combined procedure, and evaluated the rate of acute post-operative complications, length of inpatient hospitalization, and total hospital charges. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2011, 29,235 combined abdominoplasty/breast procedures were performed as inpatient in United States. The rate of major post-operative complications in the acute hospitalization period was 1.12% and included CVA (0.02%), respiratory failure (0.6%), pneumonia (0.3%), VTE (0.1%), and myocardial infarction (0.1%). Hospitalization averaged 1.8 days and resulted in $31,177 of hospital charges. The demographics of the combined procedure transitioned as i) frequency of inpatient surgeries decreased, ii) percent of patients >50 yr increased, and iii) hospital charges increased from 2004 to 2011. CONCLUSION A significant number of surgeons are performing combined abdominoplasty and elective breast surgery as inpatient procedures in United States. The combined surgery is safe but is associated with small risk of major post-operative complications. A short inpatient hospitalization may be beneficial for high-risk patients interested in combined procedures, but must be analyzed against the rising costs of inpatient surgery.}, Keywords = {Abdominoplasty, Breast, Aesthetic surgery}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {120-126}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-162-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-162-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Liapakis, Ioannis and Englander, Miriam and Sinani, Roven and Paschalis, Eleftherios I.}, title = {Management of Facial Telangiectasias with Hand Cautery}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Facial telangiectasias are superficial cutaneous vessels that can result in noticeable aesthetical imperfections. This study presents a technique for the removal of facial telangiectasias using hand cautery. METHODS Twenty-five patients with facial telangiectasias were treated using hand cautery (Medicell Inc, Athens, Greece) during 2009-2013. Photo documentation was performed for each patient before and immediately after treatment. Treatment was performed by cauterization at 800°C, delivered via a 30G tip directly to the lesions for milliseconds. RESULTS Twenty two out of 25 patients (88%) exhibited complete resolution of telangiectasias using hand cautery. In 5 (20%) patients, single application achieved complete resolution of lesions and in 10 patients (40%) re-treatment was required after 3 weeks. Four patients (16%) required 3 consecutive treatments from which 2 patients (8%) showed slight improvement and one patient (4%) no improvement. No major complications were associated with this procedure except the formation of a white scar in two patients that became inconspicuous after 3 months. Minor complications included skin irritation and edema immediately after the treatment, which resolved within 2-3 days without intervention. CONCLUSION Hand cautery is a very safe, effective and inexpensive tool for the treatment of facial telangiectasias. It is simple, cheap, and requires minimal training, although it is limited to the treatment of more superficial and small lesions. We believe that this technique is suitable for office based setting. The advantage of using inexpensive and portable instruments will also be beneficial in developing counties where access to more expensive equipment is limited. Results are satisfactory but more patients are needed to validate the technique.}, Keywords = {Facial telangiectasias, Laser, Electrosurgery, Sclerotherapy, Hand cautery}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {127-133}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-145-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Nasiri, Ebrahim and Hosseinimehr, Seyed Jalal and Azadbakht, Mohammad and Akbari, Jafar and Enayati-Fard, Reza and Azizi, Sohail and Azadbakht, Masou}, title = {The Healing Effect of Arnebia Euchroma Ointment versus Silver Sulfadiazine on Burn Wounds in Rat}, abstract ={Background Burn is still a majordevastating condition in emergency medicine departments among both genders and all age groups in all developed and developing countries, leading to physical, psychological scars and economical burden. The present study aimed to determine the healing effect of topical treatment with Arnebia euchroma on second-degree burn wound in rats. Methods Fifty rats were divided into 4 equal groups receiving the ointment base, normal saline (NS), standard 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD), and 5% and 10% Arnebia euchroma ointments (AEO). The mean of burn area, percentage of wound contraction, histopathological and bacteriological assessments in the injured area were dtermined during the study. Results Average area of wound on the 10th day was 10.2±2.3, 8.4±2.6, 12.4±2.5, 5.9±2.2 and 5.7±2 cm2 for ointment base, NS, 1% SSD, and 5% and 10% AEO, respectively. Wound size was significantly lower in 10% AEO than 1% SSD and control groups on the 10th day post-burn injury. On day 11, the percentage of wound contraction in 5% and 10% AEO was 53.9%±14.7% and 55.9±10.5% which was more than 1% SSD (15.3±10.8%). The collagen fibers were well formed and horizontally-oriented in 5% and 10% AEO groups when compared with other groups. Conclusion Arnebia euchroma ointment was an effective treatment for healing of burn wounds in comparison with SSD and can be regarded as an alternative topical treatment for burn wounds.}, Keywords = {Arnebia euchroma, Burns, Silver sulfadiazine, Rat, Wound healing}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {134-144}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-140-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ghaffari, Azadeh and Manafi, Ali and Moghimi, Hamid Rez}, title = {Clindamycin Phosphate Absorption from Nanoliposomal Formulations through Third-Degree Burn Eschar}, abstract ={BACKGROUND It has been shown that topical nanoliposomal formulations improve burn healing process. On the other hand, it has been shown that liposomal formulations increase drug deposition in the normal skin while decrease their systemic absorption there is not such data available for burn eschar. Present investigation studies permeation of clindamycin phosphate (CP) through burn eschar from liposomal formulations to answer this question. In this investigation, permeation of CP through fully hydrated third-degree burn eschar was evaluated using solution, normal nanoliposomes and ultradeformable nanoliposomes. METHODS Liposomal CP were prepared by thin-film hydration and characterized in terms of size, size distribution, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and short-time stability. Then the effect of liposomal lipid concentration on CP absorption was investigated. RESULTS The permeability coefficient ratio (liposome/solution) and permeation lag-time ratio (liposome/solution) of CP through burn eschar at 20 Mm lipid concentration were 0.81±0.21 and 1.19±1.30 respectively, indicating the retardation effects of liposomes. Data also showed that increasing liposomal lipid concentration from 20 to 100 mM, clindamycin permeation decreased by about 2 times. There was no difference between normal liposome and ultradeformable liposome in terms of clindamycin absorption. CONCLUSION Nanoliposomes could decrease trans-eschar absorption of CP, in good agreement with normal skin data, and might indicate CP deposition in the eschar tissue.}, Keywords = {Burn eschar, Absorption, Liposome, Clindamycin, Deposition}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {145-152}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-176-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-176-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Duci, ShkelzenShkelzen B. and Arifi, Hysni M. and Ahmeti, Hasan R. and Zatriqi, Violeta K. and Buja, Zejn A. and Hoxha, Enver T. and Mekaj, Agon Y.}, title = {Outcomes of Older Adults with Burn Injury: University Clinical Center of Kosovo}, abstract ={BACKGROUND Advances in burn care over the past 50 years have brought about remarkable improvement in mortality rates such that survival has become an expected outcome even in patients with extensive injuries. Although these improvements have occurred in all age groups, survival in older adults still lags far behind that in younger cohorts. This study determines the outcomes of older adults with burn injury in University Clinical Center of Kosovo. METHODS This is a retrospective study that includes 56 burn patients, older than 60 years who were admitted at the Department of Plastic Surgery, between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. Data processing was done with the statistical package of Stat 3. From the statistical parameters the structural index, arithmetic median, and standard deviation were calculated. RESULTS Fifty six burned patient older than 60 years were included during a 10-year period. Of the 56 elderly patients 29 were women and 27 were men with a mean age of 66.7 years (range, 60-85 years). The differences were not statistically significant for both genders regarding the causes of burn injury. CONCLUSION Considering the gradual increase of the elderly population in our country based on the data of the Ministry of Public Services, an increase is expected to the incidence of burn injuries in the population of this category of our country.}, Keywords = {Adults, Burns, Old, Kosovo}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {153-158}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-135-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Niazy, Feizollah and Rostami, Khalil and Motabar, Amir Rez}, title = {Giant Condyloma Acuminatum of Vulva Frustrating Treatment Challenge}, abstract ={Giant condylomata are not usually seen nowadays in developed nations, but such cases are still seen in the under-resourced countries. Condylomata acuminata are commonly transmitted through sexual intercourse. Generally diagnosed based on their appearance. Giant condyloma acuminata also named Buschke- Löwenstein tumour (BLT) is a slow growing cauliflower-like tumor, locally aggressive and destructive, with possible malignant transformation. Common clinical treatment of anogenital warts is conservative, however, in extreme cases conservative therapy is insufficient and surgical excision is required. A case of common presentation of giant condylomata in a 50 years old, divorced, multiparous woman is presented and the literature is reviewed. She presented with 15 years history of slowly progressive vulval lesion and associated itching, contact bleeding, malodorous vaginal discharge and difficulty in walking. She had previously been treated with podophyllin and cryosurgery without success. The growth measured 30×10 cm in each side and was successfully excised with no evidence of malignancy concomitant and reconstruction also done.}, Keywords = {Giant condylomata, Buschke-Löwenstein tumour, Reconstruction, Vulva}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {159-162}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-170-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-170-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Motamed, Sadrollah and Hassanpour, Seyed Esmail and Moosavizadeh, Seyed Mehdi and Heidari, Ataollah and Rouientan, Abdoreza and Nazemian, Mahmoo}, title = {Successful Excision of Gynecomastia with Nipple Repositioning Technique Utilizing the Dermoglandular Flap}, abstract ={There are many surgical techniques for treating gynecomastia. We report a new surgical technique in an adolescent with fatty glandular gynecomastia grade III, who was referred from an endocrinologist to our clinic. We excised the gynecomastia with nipple repositioning utilizing the dermoglandular flap (about 1 cm thickness and 10 cm width). After one month, no complication was detected and the patient was satisfied with his new breasts. We suggest this technique for fatty glandular gynecomastia grade III.}, Keywords = {Gynecomastia, Nipple repositioning, Dermoglandular flap}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {163-167}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Arquero, Pedro and Zanata, Fabiana and Ferreira, Lydia and Nahas, Fabio}, title = {Capsular Weakness around Breast Implant: A Non-Recognized Complication}, abstract ={Capsular contraction is a frequent complication following breast augmentation. On the other hand, capsular weakness, a not widely recognized complication, may occur around the implant. A weak capsule allows the migration of the prosthesis to the lateral region of the thoracic region or inferiorly, towards the abdomen, due to gravitational forces. The cause of capsular weakness remains unresolved. Implant malposition, with lateral or downward displacement, breast asymmetry, improper contour, with implants moving in the pocket that compromise the aesthetic outcome of breast augmentation and require surgical correction may be different symptoms from the same clinical problem. Capsular weakness is a short or mid-term complication of breast augmentation. Most techniques aim to correct the malposition by making sutures to increase the resistance to the displacement of the implant, rearrange the structures using the capsule as flaps to remodel the envelope of the new pocket, obtaining a more stable and reliable result. In this article, four cases of displacement of breast prosthesis with capsular weakness are described and the surgical treatment that included a capsulotomy and capsulorraphy is described.}, Keywords = {Capsular weakness, Dynamic deformity, Capsulorrhaphy, Capsuloplasty, Breast augmentation}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {168-174}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Sari, Elif}, title = {Unilateral Sensation Loss of the NAC After Superomedial Pedicle Reduction Mammaplasty}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Nipple-areola complex, Sensation, Reduction mammaplasty}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {175-176}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-142-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-142-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Codazzi, Denis and Bruschi, Stefano and Robotti, Enrico and Bocchiotti, Maria Alessandr}, title = {Power-Assisted Liposuction (P.A.L.) Fat Harvesting for Lipofilling: The Trap Device}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Power Assisted Liposuction, Fat grafting, Trap device, Lipofilling, Italy}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {177-179}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-137-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Khoo, Lee Seng and Senna-Fernandes, Vasco}, title = {Revisiting the Curtis Procedure for Boutonniere Deformity Correction}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Curtis Procedure, Boutonniere Deformity, Correction}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {180-184}, publisher = {}, url = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-144-en.html}, eprint = {http://wjps.ir/article-1-144-en.pdf}, journal = {World Journal of Plastic Surgery}, issn = {2228-7914}, eissn = {2252-0724}, year = {2015} }