Volume 14, Issue 2 (2025)                   WJPS 2025, 14(2): 72-78 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Kazemian N, Khorami M, Grillo R, Hashemzadeh H, Bardideh E, Family K, et al . COVID-19 Influence on Mandibular Dry Socket Occurrence. WJPS 2025; 14 (2) :72-78
URL: http://wjps.ir/article-1-1471-en.html
1- Student Research Committee, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
3- orthodontist, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
5- Dental Research Center, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
6- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran , SamieeRadS@mums.ac.ir
Abstract:   (423 Views)
Background: Alveolar osteitis (AO), commonly known as dry socket, is a recognized complication following tooth extraction, particularly prevalent after mandibular third molar extractions. Given the global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its implications for endothelial and hematologic changes, investigating its potential impact on dry socket risk in patients undergoing mandibular third molar extraction is crucial.
Methods: We reviewed patient records from individuals undergoing mandibular third molar extraction at Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad, Iran in 2022. Data included demographics, medical history, smoking status, and COVID-19 details such as history, hospitalization, and vaccination status.
Results: Clinical examinations diagnosed alveolar osteitis, assessing for blood clot presence and local lymphadenitis. Out of 119 patients (82 females, 37 males), 49.6% developed dry socket post-extraction, with 94.1% having a history of COVID-19 and 32.7% requiring hospitalization due to the disease. 97.5% of patients were vaccinated against COVID-19. Additionally, 44.5% had systemic disease history, and 45.4% used related medications, with no observed associations with dry socket.
Conclusion: This study underscores the increased risk of dry socket following mandibular third molar extraction associated with corticosteroid use, oral contraceptive use, smoking, and COVID-19 hospitalization. Females exhibited a significantly higher risk compared to males. While no significant COVID-19 infection-dry socket link was found, the study highlights the need for further research, given the significant number of dry socket cases among COVID-19 patients and those hospitalized due to COVID-19.
 
Full-Text [PDF 346 kb]   (149 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: Special
ePublished: 2025/08/25

References
1. al-Khateeb TL, el-Marsafi AI, Butler NP. The relationship between the indications for the surgical removal of impacted third molars and the incidence of alveolar osteitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49(2):141-5; discussion 5-6. doi: 10.1016/0278-2391(91)90100-z. [DOI:10.1016/0278-2391(91)90100-Z]
2. Dar-Odeh N, Bobamuratova DT, Alnazzawi A, Babkair H, Jambi S, Abu-Hammad A, Abu-Hammad O. Jaw-related complications in COVID-19 patients; a systematic review. Cranio 2024:42 (5):630-637. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2031438. [DOI:10.1080/08869634.2022.2031438]
3. Erbaş GS, Botsali A, Erden N, Arı C, Taşkın B, Alper S, Vural S. COVID-19-related oral mucosa lesions among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients: a systematic review. Int J Dermatol 2022;61(1):20-32. doi: 10.1111/ijd.15889. [DOI:10.1111/ijd.15889]
4. Fridrich KL, Olson RA. Alveolar osteitis following surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Anesth Prog 1990;37(1):32-41.
5. Sweet JB, Butler DP. Predisposing and operative factors: effect on the incidence of localized osteitis in mandibular third-molar surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;46(2):206-15. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(78)90195-0. [DOI:10.1016/0030-4220(78)90195-0]
6. Haraji A, Motamedi MH, Rezvani F. Can flap design influence the incidence of alveolar osteitis following removal of impacted mandibular third molars? Gen Dent 2010;58(5):e187-9.
7. Meechan JG, Macgregor ID, Rogers SN, Hobson RS, Bate JP, Dennison M. The effect of smoking on immediate post-extraction socket filling with blood and on the incidence of painful socket. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988;26(5):402-9. doi: 10.1016/0266-4356(88)90093-9. [DOI:10.1016/0266-4356(88)90093-9]
8. Tang Y, Liu J, Zhang D, Xu Z, Ji J, Wen C. Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies. Front Immunol 2020;11:1708. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708. [DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708]
9. Vezeau PJ. Dental extraction wound management: medicating postextraction sockets. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58(5):531-7. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(00)90016-8. [DOI:10.1016/S0278-2391(00)90016-8]
10. Wu YH, Wu YC, Lang MJ, Lee YP, Jin YT, Chiang CP. Review of oral ulcerative lesions in COVID-19 patients: A comprehensive study of 51 cases. J Dent Sci 2021;16(4):1066-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.07.001. [DOI:10.1016/j.jds.2021.07.001]
11. Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, Peng J, Dan H, Zeng X, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci 2020;12(1):1-5. doi: 10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x. [DOI:10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x]
12. Ygge J, Brody S, Korsan-Bengtsen K, Nilsson L. Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in women receiving oral contraceptives. Comparison between treated and untreated women in a longitudinal study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969;104(1):87-98. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)34145-x. [DOI:10.1016/S0002-9378(16)34145-X]
13. Tarakji B, Saleh LA, Umair A, Azzeghaiby SN, Hanouneh S. Systemic review of dry socket: aetiology, treatment, and prevention. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9(4):Ze10-3. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/12422.5840. [DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2015/12422.5840]
14. Sofi-Mahmudi A. Patients with COVID-19 may present some oral manifestations. Evid Based Dent 2021;22(2):80-1. doi: 10.1038/s41432-021-0173-3. [DOI:10.1038/s41432-021-0173-3]
15. Surboyo MD, Ernawati DS, Budi HS. Oral mucosal lesions and oral symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2021;70(4):161-8. doi: 10.23736/S2724-6329.21.04493-9. [DOI:10.23736/S2724-6329.21.04493-9]
16. Nusair YM, Younis MH. Prevalence, clinical picture, and risk factors of dry socket in a Jordanian dental teaching center. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8(3):53-63. [DOI:10.5005/jcdp-8-3-53]
17. Özveri Koyuncu B, Işık G, Özden Yüce M, Günbay S, Günbay T. Effect of concentrated growth factors on frequency of alveolar Osteitis following partially-erupted mandibular third molar surgery: a randomized controlled clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2020;20(1):222. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01210-7. [DOI:10.1186/s12903-020-01210-7]
18. Parra-Ortega I, Rodriguez-Ortega D. SARS-CoV-2 impact on oral health: A general view. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2021;78(2):91-4. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.20000192. [DOI:10.24875/BMHIM.20000192]
19. Daltro G, Silva I, Daltro P, Botelho V. SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 and its Implications in the Development of Osteonecrosis. J Reg Biol Med 2020:1-19. doi; 10.37191/Mapsci-2582-385X-2(4)-035.
20. Sood A, Bedi O. Histopathological and molecular links of COVID-19 with novel clinical manifestations for the management of coronavirus-like complications. Inflammopharmacology 2022;30(4):1219-57. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00999-9. [DOI:10.1007/s10787-022-00999-9]
21. Karki D, Gurung R, Nepali P, Kaphle HP, Subedi B, Adhikari S. Raised D-dimer among Admitted COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. J Nepal Med Assoc 2022;60(251):596-9. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7579. [DOI:10.31729/jnma.7579]
22. Drozdzik A, Drozdzik M. Oral Pathology in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Molecular Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(3):1431. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031431. [DOI:10.3390/ijms23031431]
23. Eshghpour M, Nejat A. Dry socket following surgical removal of impacted third molar in an Iranian population: Incidence and risk factors. Nig J Clin Pract 2013;16(4):496-500. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.116897. [DOI:10.4103/1119-3077.116897]
24. Patel S, Koshal S, Mudhar O. The impact of COVID 19 on oral surgery post-operative patient complications and communications within the oral surgery department at the Eastman dental hospital. Eur J Dent Oral Health 2021;2(6):8-11. doi; 10.24018/ejdent.2021.2.6.107. [DOI:10.24018/ejdent.2021.2.6.107]
25. Al-Mahalawy H, El-Mahallawy Y, Dessoky NY, Ibrahim S, Amer H, Ayad HM, et al. Post-COVID-19 related osteonecrosis of the jaw (PC-RONJ): an alarming morbidity in COVID-19 surviving patients. BMC Infect Dis 2022;22(1):544. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07518-9. [DOI:10.1186/s12879-022-07518-9]
26. Sood A, Nayyar V, Roychoudhury A, Bhalla AS, Mishra D. Post-COVID steroid induced avascular necrosis of the jaw: Emerging challenge in India. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023;135(4):e89-e93. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.08.014. [DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2022.08.014]
27. Eshghpour M, Rezaei NM, Nejat A. Effect of menstrual cycle on frequency of alveolar osteitis in women undergoing surgical removal of mandibular third molar: a single-blind randomized clinical trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013;71(9):1484-9. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.05.004. [DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2013.05.004]
28. Momeni H, Shahnaseri S, Hamzeheil Z. Evaluation of relative distribution and risk factors in patients with dry socket referring to Yazd dental clinics. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2011;8(Suppl 1):S84-7.
29. Catellani JE, Harvey S, Erickson SH, Cherkin D. Effect of oral contraceptive cycle on dry socket (localized alveolar osteitis). J Am Dent Assoc 1980;101(5):777-80. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1980.0420. [DOI:10.14219/jada.archive.1980.0420]
30. Larsen PE. Alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Identification of the patient at risk. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73(4):393-7. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(92)90312-e. [DOI:10.1016/0030-4220(92)90312-E]
31. Nishanth M, Vishwas L, Tantry D. Is alveolar osteitis more prevalent since COVID-19? A cross-sectional study. J Acad Dent Educ 2023;9(1):5-12. doi: 10.25259/JADE_10_2023. [DOI:10.25259/JADE_10_2023]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | World Journal of Plastic Surgery

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb