WORLD JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY
Fri, Nov 21, 2025
[Archive]
Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , : amirhosseinalavian41@gmail.com
Abstract: (17 Views)
Contemporary cosmetic surgical approaches to facial rejuvenation have undergone a significant transformation due to the integration of new technologies aimed at addressing age-related facial changes. Among the most commonly used minimally invasive techniques are neuromuscular blocking agents and injectable fillers. The scope of minimally invasive procedures encompasses a broad range of modalities, including nutritional and hormonal interventions, light- and laser-based therapies, minimal-incision surgeries, as well as botulinum toxin and dermal filler injections. This study specifically focuses on injectable techniques for facial rejuvenation. Botulinum toxin type A has demonstrated efficacy in softening hyper functional lines in both the upper and lower face, with notable improvements observed in areas such as the glabella, forehead, periorbital region, lips, and platysma muscle. More recently, hyaluronic acid and other injectable fillers have gained widespread use. These temporary fillers effectively diminish wrinkles and creases, enhance deep nasolabial folds, augment thin lips, and correct volume loss in periorbital hollows and other facial depressions or contour irregularities. A major paradigm shift has occurred in facial rejuvenation, with injectable, minimally invasive methods now offering solutions for age-related and acquired deformities of the head and neck—providing temporary yet effective corrections that were historically managed through more invasive surgical approaches.
Type of Study: Review Article |
Subject:
Special
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
